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Data & Analytics

Data Analyst

Finds answers in data and communicates them clearly to decision-makers.

What this career is

Data analysts collect, clean and analyse data to answer business questions, then share results through reports and dashboards. It is a common entry point into data science and analytics careers.

What professionals do

  • Write SQL queries
  • Clean and analyse data in Python or spreadsheets
  • Build dashboards
  • Explain findings to non-technical teams

Outlook: Strong demand across sectors; a portfolio of real analyses is highly persuasive.

Official occupation data

Tasks, skills, US pay and job growth from O*NET and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Key skills

SQL

technical

Almost every analyst, product and data role uses SQL to answer questions directly from company data.

Start with

  • · Learn SELECT, WHERE, GROUP BY and JOIN on a practice dataset
  • · Answer ten real questions about a public dataset
SQLBolt interactive lessons (opens in a new tab)

Python

technical

Python is the default language for data analysis, machine learning and scripting, and a common first language for engineers.

Start with

  • · Complete an introductory course with exercises
  • · Automate a small task you do weekly
CS50's Introduction to Programming with Python (opens in a new tab)

Statistics

analytical

Statistics helps you avoid misleading conclusions and is required for data, economics and research roles.

Start with

  • · Cover descriptive statistics, distributions and hypothesis tests
  • · Run a simple A/B test analysis
Statistics and probability (opens in a new tab)

Data visualization

analytical

Analysts are judged on how clearly they communicate findings, not just on the analysis itself.

Start with

  • · Learn when to use bar, line and scatter charts
  • · Build a one-page dashboard
Data Visualization (opens in a new tab)

Excel & spreadsheets

technical

Finance, consulting and business roles rely on spreadsheets daily for analysis and communication.

Start with

  • · Learn lookups, pivot tables and charts
  • · Rebuild a simple budget or financial statement
Excel training (opens in a new tab)

Writing & argument

communication

Essays, research reports, policy memos and scholarship applications all depend on strong writing.

Start with

  • · Write a one-page memo each week
  • · Enter an essay competition
Purdue Online Writing Lab (opens in a new tab)

Education paths

  1. 1Bachelor's in a quantitative field, economics, or computer science
  2. 2Certificates or portfolio projects can substitute for some experience

Universities strong in Data Science & AI

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cambridge, MA, United States

QS #1Full need-based aid

Electrical Engineering & Computer Science · Mechanical Engineering · Economics

Tuition
Est. above $60,000 per year before aid
Deadline
Typically 1 November

Stanford University

Stanford, CA, United States

QS =2Full need-based aid

Computer Science · Management Science & Engineering · Economics

Tuition
Est. above $60,000 per year before aid
Deadline
Typically 1 November

Imperial College London

London, United Kingdom

QS #2Merit scholarships

Computing · Electrical & Electronic Engineering · Mathematics

Tuition
Est. £38,000–£50,000 per year for international students
Deadline
Typically late January

Typical entry-level roles

Junior Data AnalystReporting AnalystBI AnalystAnalytics Intern

Build your profile

Recommended extracurriculars

  • · Kaggle competitions
  • · Personal data projects on GitHub
  • · Analytics for a student society

Recommended competitions

Competition

Kaggle Competitions

Kaggle (Google)

PrizesOnline
Location
Online
Deadline
Competitions open and close throughout the year

Recommended internships & programmes

PaidIn person
Location
Google offices worldwide
Deadline
Many summer internships open in early autumn of the previous year

Internship

World Bank Group Internship Program

World Bank Group

PaidIn person
Location
Washington, DC and country offices
Deadline
Usually two windows per year (around December–January and October–November)

Certifications that help

Cloud

AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner

Amazon Web Services

Beginner

Entry-level proof that you understand cloud concepts, core AWS services, security and pricing.

Cost
US$100 exam
Time
4–6 weeks part-time

Data & AI

Google Data Analytics Professional Certificate

Google (on Coursera)

Beginner

Spreadsheets, SQL, Tableau and R through a hands-on capstone.

Cost
Coursera subscription; financial aid available
Time
About 6 months at under 10 hours a week

Data & AI

Microsoft Power BI Data Analyst (PL-300)

Microsoft

Intermediate

Model, visualise and analyse data with Power BI.

Cost
Exam fee varies by country
Time
6–10 weeks part-time

Data & AI

IBM Data Science Professional Certificate

IBM (on Coursera)

Beginner

Python, SQL, data analysis and machine-learning basics.

Cost
Coursera subscription; financial aid available
Time
About 4–5 months part-time
All certifications for this career →

Courses & resources

Related university majors