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Business & Strategy

Business Analyst

Turns business problems into clear requirements, data-backed insights and better processes.

What this career is

Business analysts sit between business teams and technology or operations. They study how an organisation works, find problems and opportunities, and recommend changes — often new systems, processes or products — supported by data.

What professionals do

  • Interview stakeholders to understand problems and requirements
  • Analyse data in SQL or spreadsheets to size an opportunity
  • Map current and future processes
  • Write requirements and user stories for technical teams
  • Present findings and recommendations to managers

Outlook: Demand is broad across industries; analysts who combine business understanding with SQL and visualization are most competitive.

Official occupation data

Tasks, skills, US pay and job growth from O*NET and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

Key skills

SQL

technical

Almost every analyst, product and data role uses SQL to answer questions directly from company data.

Start with

  • · Learn SELECT, WHERE, GROUP BY and JOIN on a practice dataset
  • · Answer ten real questions about a public dataset
SQLBolt interactive lessons (opens in a new tab)

Excel & spreadsheets

technical

Finance, consulting and business roles rely on spreadsheets daily for analysis and communication.

Start with

  • · Learn lookups, pivot tables and charts
  • · Rebuild a simple budget or financial statement
Excel training (opens in a new tab)

Data visualization

analytical

Analysts are judged on how clearly they communicate findings, not just on the analysis itself.

Start with

  • · Learn when to use bar, line and scatter charts
  • · Build a one-page dashboard
Data Visualization (opens in a new tab)

Structured problem solving

analytical

Consulting case interviews and analyst roles test this directly.

Start with

  • · Practise issue trees on everyday problems
  • · Do two case interviews per week with a partner
Case interview preparation (opens in a new tab)

Writing & argument

communication

Essays, research reports, policy memos and scholarship applications all depend on strong writing.

Start with

  • · Write a one-page memo each week
  • · Enter an essay competition
Purdue Online Writing Lab (opens in a new tab)

Public speaking

communication

Interviews, pitches, Model UN and leadership roles all reward clear spoken communication.

Start with

  • · Join a debate or Model UN club
  • · Present a project in under five minutes
Toastmasters International (opens in a new tab)

Project management

leadership

Every consulting, product and operations role involves running projects.

Start with

  • · Plan your applications as a project with milestones
  • · Learn basic agile practices
Google Project Management Certificate (opens in a new tab)

Education paths

  1. 1Bachelor's in business, economics, information systems or a quantitative field
  2. 2Optional: master's in business analytics or information systems
  3. 3Entry is common straight from a bachelor's degree

Universities strong in Business & Management

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Cambridge, MA, United States

QS #1Full need-based aid

Electrical Engineering & Computer Science · Mechanical Engineering · Economics

Tuition
Est. above $60,000 per year before aid
Deadline
Typically 1 November

Stanford University

Stanford, CA, United States

QS =2Full need-based aid

Computer Science · Management Science & Engineering · Economics

Tuition
Est. above $60,000 per year before aid
Deadline
Typically 1 November

Imperial College London

London, United Kingdom

QS #2Merit scholarships

Computing · Electrical & Electronic Engineering · Mathematics

Tuition
Est. £38,000–£50,000 per year for international students
Deadline
Typically late January

Typical entry-level roles

Junior Business AnalystOperations AnalystGraduate Analyst (rotational programme)Systems Analyst

Build your profile

Recommended extracurriculars

  • · Case competitions
  • · Student consulting club projects
  • · Building dashboards for a society
  • · Internships in operations or IT

Recommended competitions

Competition

Hult Prize

Hult Prize Foundation

PrizesHybrid
Location
Campus rounds worldwide; global final varies
Deadline
Campus programmes typically run from autumn to winter

Competition

Kaggle Competitions

Kaggle (Google)

PrizesOnline
Location
Online
Deadline
Competitions open and close throughout the year

Competition

CFA Institute Research Challenge

CFA Institute

PrizesIn person
Location
Local, regional and global rounds
Deadline
Typically autumn, through your local CFA society

Recommended internships & programmes

PaidIn person
Location
Google offices worldwide
Deadline
Many summer internships open in early autumn of the previous year

Certifications that help

Data & AI

Google Data Analytics Professional Certificate

Google (on Coursera)

Beginner

Spreadsheets, SQL, Tableau and R through a hands-on capstone.

Cost
Coursera subscription; financial aid available
Time
About 6 months at under 10 hours a week

Data & AI

Microsoft Power BI Data Analyst (PL-300)

Microsoft

Intermediate

Model, visualise and analyse data with Power BI.

Cost
Exam fee varies by country
Time
6–10 weeks part-time

Business & Project

Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM)

Project Management Institute (PMI)

Beginner

Entry-level project management credential for students and early-career professionals.

Cost
See PMI — lower price for PMI members (student membership available)
Time
1–2 months part-time

Business & Project

Google Project Management Professional Certificate

Google (on Coursera)

Beginner

Agile, Scrum and traditional project management with templates and case studies.

Cost
Coursera subscription; financial aid available
Time
About 6 months part-time
All certifications for this career →

Courses & resources

Related university majors